RELATED ( 20 ) didactic approach. Bruner’s Spiral Curriculum (1960). Pavlov 'taught' the animals to salivate on hearing a ringing bell by linking the time of their feeding to the bell being rung. Later he stopped feeding them in this way, but the dogs continued to salivate when they heard the bell. In other words, the learned behaviour was a result of a sequence of events experienced, rather than a conscious thought process. Pavlov discovered what is now termed ‘classical conditioning’. To develop a good working understanding of the individual theories, and wider schools of thought, which are covered in this module and begin to see how these can be incorporated into your own classroom practice, as well as identifying how they have influenced policy direction in order to ensure that your pedagogic practice is underpinned by solid principles. An emphasis on active learning is at the core of these humanistic approaches to learning. The terms 'andragogy' and 'pedagogy' highlight the difference between earlier models of training and the more usual approach nowadays. Jerome Bruner. As a basic principle of learning, it makes little … Hardware approach mechanises the process of teaching so that teachers would be able to deal with more students with less expenditures in educating them. 3. Social Learning Theory. The main 'schools' are: As you can see, there are specific theorists who are thought of as 'seminal'. Over the years many theories have been developed to examine the processes involved in learning. Most learning theories concentrate on the significance for the way that learning is delivered. Furthermore people learn differently at different times in their lives and in different circumstances. (1965). While there are many elements to consider, one of the most important is in the way the teacher approaches the process of teaching. See also: The social learning approach places great significance on learning with other people, through interpersonal interactions, either face-to-face or in a team. One problem of this approach is that people do not copy everything they see but, as individuals, tend to be selective about what they choose to copy. It is therefore important for others to demonstrate best practice while using this approach to training and pick up on mistakes quickly. This approach combines speech, use of residual hearing and speech-reading. Multiple Intelligence Theories. The communicative approach is the best-known current approach to language teaching. In classroom practice, it is expected that familiarity with these learning theories will allow a self-reflective practitioner to adopt the most appropriate pedagogical approach for the situation and the learner, effectively giving them a "toolbox" of techniques from which a teacher can assess the learning needs of their students and modify their approach, the learning materials and the activity to ensure that these are met. The experiential model of learning that David Kolb proposes, underpins much of the work of modern adult training providers. The educational implication of Piaget's theory is the adaptation of instruction to the learner's development level. https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/learning-approaches.html The following lesson provides two examples of action research in the field of education, methods of conducting action research and a quiz to assess your understanding of … Bandura's theory takes into consideration how people perceive themselves or how they appraise their own level of competence in the process of learning. People low in self-efficacy will dwell on their perceived inadequacy and the difficulties of their situation. Conversely, people high in self-efficacy will see a situation as a challenge rather than a problem and focus on what needs to be done. They manage threats well and can apply their knowledge to different situations. It is also expected that a practitioner will reflect on the teaching and learning experience, identifying what has gone well and what has gone not so well and adapt future learning activities to take improve outcomes. Teachers or trainers employing Dewey's approach to learning play a key role in learner's development, but in a more indirect way than that implied in the behaviourist model. For example, planning sessions that encourage interaction with the material presented and reflective thinking, as well as creating a climate whereby students or trainees can structure their own learning. Pedagogy is essentially based on instruction; knowledge is transmitted formally from one who knows to one who does not know. This type of model has often been used in institutional settings, where it can be administratively easier to assume control of the learning experience, while ignoring the ability or needs of the person to engage in self-directed learning â for example in schools and other educational establishments. Unfortunately, this model can engender resistance or rebellion, particularly in older children, adolescents and adults. Company Registration No: 4964706. Albert Bandura was a key proponent of social learning who also popularised the notion of self-efficacy. The approach is also based on the view that there is one right way, one truth that the student needs to learn, and that knowledge is the same for all learners. For this reason it emphasises teacher or trainer control; the trainer employs external reinforcement to motivate and encourage trainees to reach the stated objectives. Self-learning: Curiosity is the main driver of learning. Teaching Skills | What is Coaching? Compare and contrast the different approaches of the different schools of educational thought, as well as between different theorists within an approach, considering where their strengths and weaknesses lie and their contextual relevance.5. The existing experiences of the learner are fundamental for understanding and new learning to take place effectively. Educational theory, or "pedagogy", is typically broken up into 'schools of thought', which consist of collections of theorists whose ideas overlap to some extent. Educational planning is more than a technical exercise. Let us therefore take a look at these terms in … Identify ways in which these theories can be used individually or in combination to inform, develop and improve your personal teaching practice. Using the Victorian Teaching and Learning Model at Vermont Secondary The first time that I drove a car, for Kolb’s four aspects of his learning cycle, in which experience is constantly reviewed and impressions challenged or confirmed, form the basis of experiential learning theory. The sequence is explained in the following way: a person's life experiences form the basis for his/her observation and reflection on what has been encountered encourages learning. This in turn becomes assimilated into what is already known, providing a new conceptual map on which further actions will be based, thus forming a new experience. To complete the cycle, people also need to be able to practice skills learned if the training is to have any true meaning for them. 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